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Linux
|
Window
|
|
It
is an Open Source OS
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It
is not an open source and hence cannot be redesigned by the programmer.
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|
Linux
is robust and very much secure from virus.
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Windows
gets affected by virus very easily.
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The
Linux servers has surpassed Windows server operating system in security.
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Security
is the main issue which has made windows to think to survive.
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In
Linux File Systems Supported: ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS
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In
Windows File System Supported: FAT & NTFS
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linux - lilo (linux loader)
grub (grand unified bootloader)
|
windows
– NTLDR
(new
technology loader)
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|
In
Linux software file extension is: .rpm (red hat package manager) & .deb
|
In
windows software file extension is:
.exe and .msi
|
|
It
costs less to design and implement Linux Network
|
It
costs more to implement Windows Network administration, when compared to
Linux.
|
Difference between Linux & Window
RHEL 7 boot process
RHEL 7 BOOT PROCESS
Above stages are involved in Linux 7 booting process when the system start up.
1. BIOS:
BIOS – Basic Input/Output System is a firmware interface that controls not only booting process and also provides all the control of low-level interface to attached peripheral devices. When you power on your system, it will read all the devices settings and executes the POST (Power ON Self-Test) process to recognize the Hardware devices to test and initialize the system Hardware components. After successful POST process, it will load the MBR (Master Boot Record) for the further boot process.
BIOS – Basic Input/Output System is a firmware interface that controls not only booting process and also provides all the control of low-level interface to attached peripheral devices. When you power on your system, it will read all the devices settings and executes the POST (Power ON Self-Test) process to recognize the Hardware devices to test and initialize the system Hardware components. After successful POST process, it will load the MBR (Master Boot Record) for the further boot process.
2. MBR (Master Boot Record):
Master boot Record placed in the first sector of the Linux boot Hard Drive and this information pre-loads into ROM (Read Only Memory) by BIOS.
The MBR is only 512 bytes in size and it contains the machine code instructions for booting the Operating System, it’s called a boot loader, along with the partition table. Once the BIOS finds and loads the bootloader (GRUB2) program into (ROM) memory or Hard drive, it takes the control of the boot process to it. Simply MBR (Master Boot Record) loads and executes the GRUB2 bootloader.
Master boot Record placed in the first sector of the Linux boot Hard Drive and this information pre-loads into ROM (Read Only Memory) by BIOS.
The MBR is only 512 bytes in size and it contains the machine code instructions for booting the Operating System, it’s called a boot loader, along with the partition table. Once the BIOS finds and loads the bootloader (GRUB2) program into (ROM) memory or Hard drive, it takes the control of the boot process to it. Simply MBR (Master Boot Record) loads and executes the GRUB2 bootloader.
3. GRUB2 (Grand Unified Bootloader version2) Bootloader:
GRUB2 is the default bootloader program in all latest version of like Red Hat/CentOS 7 and also Ubuntu from version 9.10. It has been replaced by GRUB bootloader also known as GRUB legacy.
GRUB2 configuration file located in /boot/grub2/grub.cfg and It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub. Do not recommend to edit the GRUB2 configuration file.
GRUB2 is the default bootloader program in all latest version of like Red Hat/CentOS 7 and also Ubuntu from version 9.10. It has been replaced by GRUB bootloader also known as GRUB legacy.
GRUB2 configuration file located in /boot/grub2/grub.cfg and It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub. Do not recommend to edit the GRUB2 configuration file.
The boot loader (GRUB2 for RHEL 7) starts the RHEL 7 kernel and initial RAM disk (initrd). GRUB 2 is installed in the boot sector of your server’s hard drive and is configured to load a Linux kernel and the initramfs and the initrd is an initial root file system that will mount prior to the real root file system on Linux system.
4. Kernel:
Linux Kernel is the central core of the OS and it is the first program loaded on the system starts up. While system starting kernel loads all the necessary Kernel Modules and Drives from initrd.img to load system first process systemd in Linux 7.
5. Systemd:
Systemd process is the first process ID (PID 1) to run on Linux 7 systems, it initializes the system and launches all the services that were once started by the traditional init(/etc/init.d) process. Systemd process reads the configuration file of /etc/systemd/system/default.target, then its load the OS in targeted runlevel.target.
This tells systemd to start everything in the /usr/lib/systemd/system/basic.target before starting the other multi-user services.
Systemd process is the first process ID (PID 1) to run on Linux 7 systems, it initializes the system and launches all the services that were once started by the traditional init(/etc/init.d) process. Systemd process reads the configuration file of /etc/systemd/system/default.target, then its load the OS in targeted runlevel.target.
This tells systemd to start everything in the /usr/lib/systemd/system/basic.target before starting the other multi-user services.
6. Runlevel-Target:
Systemd uses ‘targets’ instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3
graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5
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